ANEMIA
DEFINATION OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Pernicious anemia Is a defined as a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes
Red blood cells less then 40% in men 36% in women.
ETIOLOGY OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
- Iron deficiency , Thalassemia
- Vitamin B12 of folic acid deficiency
3 major causes of Pernicious anemia
- Decreased red cells survival
- Red blood cells maturation defects
- Marrow production defects
CAUSES OF ANEMIA
- Decreased or ineffective marrow production
- Leek of iron , vitamin B12 or folate
- Hypoplasia
DIAGNOSIS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
The assessment of its clinical sewerity
Must also define the underlying cause.
- Based on clinical history and examination
CLINICAL FEUTURE PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Faintness
- Breathlessness
- Angina
- Palpitation
SIGNS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
- Pallor
- Tachycardia
- Systolic flow murmur
- Cardiac failure
- Decreased iron
- Clubbing finger
INVESTIGATION OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
- Peripheral blood cell count
- The platelet count
- The reticurocyte count
- Bone marrow biopsy
MANAGEMENT OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Find and treat the underlying cause.
Oral iron
- Ferrous sulphate 200mg three times daily before food/fasting
- Iron – sorbitol 1.5 mg of iron IM
Megabolastic anemia
- Deficiency of vitamin B12
- Oral cobalamin 1 to 2 mg per day.
Folat deficiency
- Oral folic acid 5 mg daily for 3 weeks.
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