pernicious anemia

ANEMIA

DEFINATION OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

Pernicious anemia Is a defined as a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes
Red blood cells less then 40% in men 36% in women.

ETIOLOGY OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

- Iron deficiency , Thalassemia
- Vitamin B12 of folic acid deficiency

3 major causes of Pernicious anemia

- Decreased red cells survival
- Red blood cells maturation defects
- Marrow production defects

CAUSES OF ANEMIA
- Decreased or ineffective marrow production
- Leek of iron , vitamin B12 or folate
- Hypoplasia

DIAGNOSIS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

The assessment of its clinical sewerity
Must also define the underlying cause.
- Based on clinical history and examination

CLINICAL FEUTURE PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Faintness
- Breathlessness
- Angina
- Palpitation

SIGNS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

- Pallor
- Tachycardia
- Systolic flow murmur
- Cardiac failure
- Decreased iron
- Clubbing finger

INVESTIGATION OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

- Peripheral blood cell count
- The platelet count
- The reticurocyte count
- Bone marrow biopsy

MANAGEMENT OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

Find and treat the underlying cause.

Oral iron
- Ferrous sulphate 200mg three times daily before food/fasting
- Iron – sorbitol 1.5 mg of iron IM

Megabolastic anemia
- Deficiency of vitamin B12
- Oral cobalamin 1 to 2 mg per day.
Folat deficiency
- Oral folic acid 5 mg daily for 3 weeks.


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